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Classical Reference Library

Immanuel Kant Resources

Explore articles, videos, guides, and other resources related to Immanuel Kant.

Resources

HISTORY OF SCIENCE

Ancient and Modern Science: Some Observations

Ian Johnston traces the changing understanding of science from ancient Greek natural philosophy through medieval cosmology to modern experimental science, exploring how the pursuit of knowledge shifted from contemplation of nature and its purposes toward prediction, control, and power.

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STUDENT’S GUIDE · PEACE, GOVERNMENT & INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE

On Perpetual Peace — A Student’s Guide

An accessible guide to Kant’s On Perpetual Peace, explaining the six preliminary articles, three definitive articles, republican constitutions, a federation of free states, and cosmopolitan hospitality. Includes reading prompts, discussion questions, and an activity designing a peace agreement.

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TEACHER’S GUIDE · POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY & INTERNATIONAL PEACE

On Perpetual Peace — A Teacher’s Guide

A guide to teaching Kant’s On Perpetual Peace, examining the preliminary and definitive articles, republican constitutions, a federation of free states, cosmopolitan hospitality, and the relationship between morality and political expediency. Includes discussion questions, close-reading suggestions, and a classroom activity.

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TEACHER’S GUIDE · ENLIGHTENMENT SCIENCE & COSMIC ORIGINS

Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens — A Teacher’s Guide

A guide to teaching Immanuel Kant’s Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens, exploring the nebular hypothesis, Newtonian physics, cosmic development, and the relationship between scientific explanation and religious belief. Includes close-reading passages, discussion questions, and classroom activities.

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