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Classical Reference Library

Ancient Greece

Explore the history, geography, culture, and political life of the ancient Greek world, from the Bronze Age and the rise of the city-states to Classical Athens, Sparta, and the age of Alexander.

Lectures

Student Guides

ANTIGONE • STUDENT GUIDE

Antigone: A Student Guide

A clear student guide to Sophocles’ Antigone, with essential background, character orientation, a reading roadmap, key conflicts, guidance for understanding the Chorus, questions to carry through the play, and a quick review checklist.

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Teacher Guides

TEACHER’S GUIDE · MODERN PHILOSOPHY & GREEK TRAGEDY

A Teacher’s Guide to Friedrich Nietzsche’s The Birth of Tragedy

A teaching guide to Nietzsche’s The Birth of Tragedy, exploring Apollonian and Dionysian artistic forces, the origins of Greek tragedy, Socrates, Euripides, and the philosophical significance of art. Includes discussion questions, close-reading suggestions, and classroom activities.

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Worksheets & Activities

Quotation Collections

Reference Guide

THE WORLD OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS

Introduction to Ancient Greece

A concise guide to the geography, history, political life, and cultural development of ancient Greece, from the Bronze Age civilizations of Crete and Mycenae through the rise of the city-states, Classical Athens and Sparta, and the age of Alexander the Great.

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Articles/Essays

THE ODYSSEY

You Speak More Homer Than You Think

You may never have sailed past the Sirens or faced a Cyclops, but you probably speak Homer's language more often than you realize. From odyssey and mentor to siren song, lotus-eater, and between Scylla and Charybdis, discover how a 3,000-year-old poem still lives on in the words and expressions we use today.

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